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Three‐dimensional printing of orbital and peri‐orbital masses in three dogs and its potential applications in veterinary ophthalmology
Author(s) -
Dorbandt Daniel M.,
Joslyn Stephen K.,
Hamor Ralph E.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/vop.12352
Subject(s) - peri , medicine , anatomy , ophthalmology , veterinary medicine
Objective To describe the technique and utility of three‐dimensional (3D) printing for orbital and peri‐orbital masses and discuss other potential applications for 3D printing. Animals studied Three dogs with a chronic history of nonpainful exophthalmos. Procedures Computed tomography ( CT ) and subsequent 3D printing of the head was performed on each case. CT confirmed a confined mass, and an ultrasound‐guided biopsy was obtained in each circumstance. An orbitotomy was tentatively planned for each case, and a 3D print of each head with the associated globe and mass was created to assist in surgical planning. Results In case 1, the mass was located in the cranioventral aspect of the right orbit, and the histopathologic diagnosis was adenoma. In case 2, the mass was located within the lateral masseter muscle, ventral to the right orbit between the zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible. The histopathologic diagnosis in case 2 was consistent with a lipoma. In case 3, the mass was located in the ventral orbit, and the histopathologic diagnosis was histiocytic cellular infiltrate. Conclusions Three‐dimensional printing in cases with orbital and peri‐orbital masses has exceptional potential for improved surgical planning and provides another modality for visualization to help veterinarians, students, and owners understand distribution of disease. Additionally, as the techniques of 3D printing continue to evolve, the potential exists to revolutionize ocular surgery and drug delivery.