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Investigating the inheritance of prolapsed nictitating membrane glands in a large canine pedigree
Author(s) -
Edelmann Michele L.,
Miyadera Keiko,
Iwabe Simone,
Komáromy András M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/vop.12015
Subject(s) - pedigree chart , inheritance (genetic algorithm) , mendelian inheritance , german shepherd dog , medicine , biology , veterinary medicine , genetics , surgery , gene
Objective To investigate the inheritance of prolapsed nictitating membrane glands ( PNMG ) in a large pedigree of purpose‐bred mongrel dogs. Animals studied Two lines of purpose‐bred mongrel dogs kept at a research facility with controlled environment were analyzed for frequent occurrences of PNMG . The first line ( GS line) consisted of 201 dogs, derived from one G erman shorthaired pointer and seven mongrel dogs. The second line ( M line) was established from one mongrel dog and three miniature longhaired dachshund ( MLHD ) dogs followed by closed breeding practice ( n = 50). The two canine lines were connected by a female dog, which contributed genetically to both lines. Procedures Medical records of all dogs were reviewed retrospectively for signalment, parental data, and the presence of PNMG . Pedigrees were constructed to facilitate assessment of inheritance. Results The overall prevalence of PNMG in the GS line was 4.0% (8/201) over a 12‐year period. The prevalence in the M line was 10.0% (5/50) over 6 years, which increased to 23.1% (3/13) when only dogs aged 2 years or older were considered. Analysis of the pedigrees ruled out simple modes of M endelian inheritance in both canine lines. Conclusion The high prevalence of PNMG in two canine lines bred and maintained under a strictly controlled environment supported the involvement of genetic risk factors. The mode of inheritance remains to be determined, but it appears to be complex and potentially multigenic.