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Clinical evaluation of hyperimmune plasma for treatment of dogs with naturally occurring parvoviral enteritis
Author(s) -
Acciacca Rachel A.,
Sullivan Lauren A.,
Webb Tracy L.,
Johnson Valerie,
Dow Steven W.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of veterinary emergency and critical care
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.886
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1476-4431
pISSN - 1479-3261
DOI - 10.1111/vec.12987
Subject(s) - medicine , placebo , anesthesia , surgery , pathology , alternative medicine
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a single infusion of hyperimmune plasma (HIP) in dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV). Design Prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring CPV. Interventions Dogs presenting for CPV treatment (n = 31) underwent cardiovascular resuscitation and were randomized to receive a single dose of either HIP (10 mL/kg IV) or placebo (0.9% sodium chloride [10 mL/kg IV]) during the first 6 hours of hospitalization. All dogs were treated with a standardized treatment protocol (IV fluid therapy [120 mL/kg/d isotonic crystalloids], cefoxitin [30 mg/kg IV q 8 h], maropitant [1 mg/kg IV q 24 h], and buprenorphine [0.01–0.02 mg/kg IV q 8 h]) until hospital discharge. Measurements and main results Dogs treated with HIP (n = 16) demonstrated a lower shock index at 24 hours (median = 0.77, range: 0.5–1.5) than those treated with placebo (n = 15, median = 1.34, range: 0.5–1.7; P = 0.02). Plasma lactate concentration was lower at 24 hours in HIP‐treated dogs (median = 1.3 mmol/L, range: 0.9–3.4 mmol/L) than in placebo‐treated dogs (median = 2.1 mmol/L, range: 1.1–3.4 mmol/L; P = 0.01). There was no difference in duration of hospitalization when comparing HIP‐treated dogs (median = 3.2 days, range: 0.83–10 days) to placebo‐treated dogs (median = 2.83 days, range: 1–8.38 days; P = 0.35). Survival was 16 of 16 (100%) for the HIP group and 14 of 15 (93.3%) for the placebo group ( P = 0.32). Conclusions HIP at 10 mL/kg IV administered to dogs with CPV within the first 6 hours of hospitalization improves markers of shock during the initial 24 hours of hospitalization. No effects were observed on duration of hospitalization or mortality; however, this study was underpowered to evaluate these effects. HIP was well tolerated in this population of critically ill dogs.