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Background  Equine pastern dermatitis (EPD) is a common dermatological problem in horses, yet its aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood.    Objectives  This study aimed to investigate the effects of lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacterial flora of EPD‐affected skin.    Animals  Sixteen horses with EPD were investigated.    Methods and materials  An observational study was conducted by assigning a clinical severity score ranging from 0 (macroscopically nonlesional) to 21 (severe), and sampling the most and least severely affected limbs of 16 horses (32 limbs) for bacteriological culture and  16S rRNA  sequencing. Topical antimicrobial treatment in the month before sampling was recorded. The limbs were allocated to a nonlesional or mildly affected group (Group A, score 0–3) and a moderate to severely affected group (Group B, score 4–21).    Results  The most commonly cultured bacterial species was  Staphylococcus aureus  (one of 15 Group A versus nine of 17 Group B). Within Group B,  S. aureus  was found in three of six limbs treated with topical antimicrobials and in six of 11 untreated limbs. β‐haemolytic streptococci (three of 32) and  Trueperella pyogenes  (two of 32) also were cultured exclusively in the untreated limbs of Group B. Staphylococci and streptococci were found more often by  16S rRNA  sequencing than in culture. Limbs with higher lesion severity and topical antimicrobial treatment appeared to have a lower alpha diversity and different beta diversity compared to milder and untreated lesions.    Conclusions and clinical importance  Observed differences in microbiota of equine skin are likely to be linked to the presence and severity of EPD and topical antimicrobial treatment. Further research is needed to establish causal bacteria.

The influence of clinical severity and topical antimicrobial treatment on bacteriological culture and the microbiota of equine pastern dermatitis