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Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on mucosal staphylococci in a population of dogs in Northwest England
Author(s) -
Schmidt Vanessa M.,
Pinchbeck Gina,
Nuttall Tim,
Shaw Steve,
McIntyre K. Marie,
McEwan Neil,
Dawson Susan,
Williams Nicola J.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
veterinary dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.744
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-3164
pISSN - 0959-4493
DOI - 10.1111/vde.12538
Subject(s) - cefalexin , antimicrobial , medicine , amoxicillin , antibiotic resistance , clindamycin , coagulase , staphylococcus , sccmec , staphylococcus pseudintermedius , microbiology and biotechnology , antibiotics , population , staphylococcus aureus , biology , methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus , bacteria , cephalosporin , environmental health , genetics
Background Antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from veterinary patients. Objectives To determine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance ( AMR ) among canine mucosal staphylococci following routine antimicrobial treatment with cefalexin (CFX), clavulanate‐amoxicillin (AC), cefovecin (CVN), clindamycin (CD) or a fluoroquinolone (FQ). Animals Mucosal swab samples ( n = 463) were collected from 127 dogs pre‐treatment, immediately, and at one‐ and three‐months post‐treatment. Methods Staphylococci were identified phenotypically and biochemically as coagulase negative (Co NS ) or coagulase positive (Co PS ); Co PS were speciated by nuc gene PCR . Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disc diffusion and mecA gene carriage by PCR . Multilevel, multivariable models examined associations between risk factors and presence/absence of Co PS , meticillin resistance ( MR ), multidrug‐resistance ( MDR ) and fluoroquinolone resistance ( FQR ). Results The percentage of samples with Co NS increased and with Co PS (including S. pseudintermedius ) decreased immediately post‐treatment with CFX, CVN and CD ( P ≤ 0.001) and one month post‐treatment with CD ( P = 0.003). By three months post‐treatment, there was no significant difference compared to pre‐treatment samples. Immediately post‐treatment with FQs there was significantly increased risk of isolating MRS ( P = 0.002), MDR ( P = 0.002) or FQR ( P = 0.013) staphylococci and of MDR following CFX treatment ( P = 0.019). The percentage of samples with AMR staphylococci declined from immediately to three months post‐treatment and there was no significant difference between resistance prevalence at one or three months post‐treatment for most AMR traits and treatment groups. Exceptions include increased MDR following FQ ( P = 0.048) or CFX ( P = 0.021), at one and three months post‐treatment, respectively. Conclusions and clinical importance Systemic antimicrobials impact on mucosal staphylococci. Immediately after therapy, the mucosa may be a reservoir for AMR staphylococci that are a source of mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes.