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Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes express various inflammatory markers, including interleukin‐8 and CD 40, which are affected by certain antibiotics
Author(s) -
White Amelia G.,
Wolsic Cassandra L.,
Campbell Karen L.,
Lavergne Sidonie N.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
veterinary dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.744
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1365-3164
pISSN - 0959-4493
DOI - 10.1111/vde.12164
Subject(s) - enrofloxacin , biology , interleukin , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , cytokine , antibiotics , ciprofloxacin
Background Bacterial skin infections are common in dogs and humans. Keratinocytes have phenotypic features of nonprofessional antigen‐presenting cells and express various cytokines. However, little is known about the effects of antibiotics on inflammatory markers in canine keratinocytes. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate inflammatory markers in canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes ( CPEK s) and to determine the effects of selected antibiotics on these markers. Methods The CPEK s were exposed for 2–24 h to three concentrations of amoxicillin, cefalexin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole (or its nitroso metabolite), amikacin or enrofloxacin. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and immunocytochemistry were used to detect major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) II . CD 40 and CXCR 1 [interleukin ( IL )‐8 receptor] were detected using ELISA . Secreted cytokines/chemokines were quantified using a multiplex kit. Results No MHC II protein was detected. CD 40 protein was found at 24 h, with levels being significantly increased by enrofloxacin. The CPEK s secreted no detectable monocyte chemotactic protein‐1; undetectable to low (picogram per millilitre range) concentrations of IL ‐6, IL ‐7, IL ‐10, IL ‐15, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor; and high (nanogram per millilitre range) concentrations of IL‐8. Levels of IL‐8 increased over 24 h following cell proliferation. They were significantly increased by enrofloxacin after 8 h, and by cefalexin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, its nitroso metabolite and enrofloxacin after 24 h. The CPEK s expressed CXCR1. Conclusions and clinical importance Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes express various inflammatory proteins, with expression profiles being affected by certain antibiotics. This supports previous work showing keratinocytes to be mediators of inflammation and demonstrates the potential pro‐inflammatory effects of certain antibiotics in the skin.