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Protein characterization using electrophoresis and immunofixation; a case‐based review of dogs and cats
Author(s) -
Moore A Russell,
Avery Paul R.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
veterinary clinical pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.537
H-Index - 51
eISSN - 1939-165X
pISSN - 0275-6382
DOI - 10.1111/vcp.12760
Subject(s) - immunofixation , serum protein electrophoresis , polyclonal antibodies , bence jones protein , electropherogram , monoclonal , capillary electrophoresis , medicine , gel electrophoresis of proteins , agarose gel electrophoresis , pathology , microbiology and biotechnology , antibody , monoclonal antibody , biology , immunology , polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , immunoglobulin light chain , biochemistry , gene , enzyme
Protein electrophoresis and immunotyping can be a useful adjunct to the standard biochemical techniques for characterizing serum and urine proteins. This paper reviews currently available and commonly used methods for diagnostic protein electrophoresis, including both agarose gel and capillary zone electrophoretic techniques and total protein assessments. Immunofixation and immunosubtraction methods for identification of immunoglobulin location and class are also presented. Practical application of quality assurance and quality control strategies in compliance with American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) best practices are discussed. Commonly encountered serum and urine electrophoretic diagnostic patterns, including electrophoretically normal, acute‐phase protein responses, polyclonal gammopathies, restricted polyclonal/oligoclonal gammopathies, paraproteinemias (monoclonal or biclonal gammopathies), and Bence‐Jones proteinurias are also reviewed using relevant case material. Cases in which immunofixation electrophoresis are particularly useful are highlighted, and methodologies to more accurately quantify serum monoclonal proteins (M‐proteins), monitoring tests commonly used in human medicine, are discussed.