High COX ‐2 expression in canine mast cell tumours is associated with proliferation, angiogenesis and decreased overall survival

COX ‐2 overexpression is associated with several hallmarks of carcinogenesis such as proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Fifty cases of canine mast cell tumours ( MCT ) were retrospectively evaluated and submitted to immunohistochemistry for COX ‐2, CD31 , Ki‐67, MAC ‐387 and CD3 . Furthermore its relationship with clinicopathological variables and overall survival ( OS ) was analysed. COX ‐2 intensity ( P  = 0.016), but not COX ‐2 extension nor score was associated with decreased OS and higher grades of malignancy according to Patnaik ( P  = 0.002) and Kiupel ( P  < 0.001) grading systems. Cox‐2 intensity was also associated with higher Ki‐67 scores ( P  = 0.009), higher mitotic index ( P  = 0.022) and higher microvascularization density ( P  = 0.045). No association was observed for COX ‐2 intensity and CD3 ‐T lymphocyte ( P  = 0.377) and macrophage infiltration ( P  = 0.261) by MAC ‐387 immunollabelling, suggesting an active role of COX ‐2 in MCT oncogenesis mainly through proliferation and angiogenesis stimulation making it a potentially clinical relevant prognosis marker and therapeutic target.