Open AccessTechnical challenges and clinical relevance of single antigen bead C1q/C3d testing and IgG subclass analysis of human leukocyte antigen antibodies
Author(s) -
Karahan Gonca E.,
Claas Frans H. J.,
Heidt Sebastiaan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
transplant international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.998
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1432-2277
pISSN - 0934-0874
DOI - 10.1111/tri.13327
Subject(s) - human leukocyte antigen , subclass , medicine , immunology , antibody , antigen
Summary Luminex single antigen bead assays revolutionized human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody detection owing to their superior sensitivity compared to conventional methods. Nevertheless, the advent of higher sensitivity came at the expense of difficulty in clinical decision‐making, since not all luminex detectable antibodies are clinically relevant. Therefore, new tools such as C1q/C3d assays and IgG subclass analysis emerged with the aim to discriminate the inert antibodies from the deleterious ones. Here, we provide an overview on the technical challenges related to these different HLA antibody detection systems and briefly refer to the recent literature regarding the clinical relevance of these assays, mainly in the field of kidney transplantation.