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Inactivation of Plasmodium falciparum in whole blood using the amustaline and glutathione pathogen reduction technology
Author(s) -
Sow Cissé,
Laughhunn Andrew,
Girard Yvette A.,
Lanteri Marion C.,
Amar El Dusouqui Soraya,
Stassinopoulos Adonis,
Grellier Philippe
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.15734
Subject(s) - parasitemia , plasmodium falciparum , malaria , incubation , whole blood , infectivity , glutathione , parasite hosting , biology , red blood cell , pathogen , incubation period , serial dilution , immunology , titer , microbiology and biotechnology , andrology , virology , medicine , biochemistry , antibody , pathology , virus , alternative medicine , world wide web , computer science , enzyme
BACKGROUND Risk of transfusion‐transmitted (TT) malaria is mainly associated with whole blood (WB) or red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Risk mitigation relies mostly on donor deferral while a limited number of countries perform blood testing, both negatively impacting blood availability. This study investigated the efficacy of the pathogen reduction system using amustaline and glutathione (GSH) to inactivate Plasmodium falciparum in WB. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS WB units were spiked with ring stage P. falciparum infected RBCs. Parasite loads were measured in samples at time of infection, after 24 hours at room temperature (RT), and after a 24‐hour incubation at RT post‐treatment with 0.2 mM amustaline and 2 mM GSH. Serial 10‐fold dilutions of the samples were inoculated to RBC cultures and maintained up to 4 weeks. Parasitemia was quantified by cytometry. RESULTS The P. falciparum viability assay has a limit of detection of a single live parasite per sample. Input parasite titer was >5.7 log 10 TCID 50 per mL. A 24‐hour incubation at RT paused parasite development in controls, but they retained viability and infectivity when tested in culture. In contrast, no infectious parasites were detected in the amustaline/GSH‐treated sample after 4 weeks of culture. CONCLUSION A robust level of P. falciparum inactivation was achieved in WB using amustaline/GSH treatment. Parasite log reduction was >5.7 log 10 TCID 50 per mL. Development of such a pathogen reduction system may provide an opportunity to reduce the risk of TT malaria and improve blood availability.