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Exclusion criteria and adverse events in perioperative trials of tranexamic acid: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
Yates Jeffrey,
Perelman Iris,
Khair Simonne,
Taylor Joshua,
Lampron Jacinthe,
Tinmouth Alan,
Saidenberg Elianna
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.15030
Subject(s) - tranexamic acid , medicine , perioperative , adverse effect , relative risk , randomized controlled trial , placebo , meta analysis , number needed to harm , intensive care medicine , surgery , number needed to treat , confidence interval , alternative medicine , blood loss , pathology
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an inexpensive therapy effective at minimizing perioperative blood loss and transfusion. However, it remains underutilized due to safety concerns. To date, no evidence‐based guidelines exist identifying which patients should not receive TXA therapy. This study determined patient groups for whom safety information regarding TXA is lacking due to common exclusion from perioperative TXA trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review searching the databases Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administering systemic TXA perioperatively to elective or emergent surgery patients were eligible. Our primary outcome was to describe exclusion criteria of RCTs, and the secondary outcome was TXA safety. A descriptive synthesis of exclusion criteria was performed, and TXA safety was assessed by meta‐analysis. RESULTS A total of 268 eligible RCTs were included. Meta‐analysis showed that systemic TXA did not increase risk of adverse events compared to placebo or no intervention (relative risk, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.99‐1.12). Patient groups commonly excluded from perioperative TXA trials, and thus potentially lacking TXA safety data, were those with major comorbidities, a history of thromboembolism, medication use affecting coagulation, TXA allergy, and coagulopathy. Exclusion of patients with major comorbidities may not be necessary; we showed that the risk of adverse events was similar in studies that excluded patients with major comorbidities and those that did not. CONCLUSION Sufficient evidence exists to develop perioperative guidelines for TXA use in many populations. Further studies evaluating perioperative TXA use in patients with a history of thromboembolism are warranted.