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Amustaline (S‐303) treatment inactivates high levels of Zika virus in red blood cell components
Author(s) -
Laughhunn Andrew,
Santa Maria Felicia,
Broult Julien,
Lanteri Marion C.,
Stassinopoulos Adonis,
Musso Didier,
Aubry Maite
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.13993
Subject(s) - infectivity , virology , titer , zika virus , glutathione , virus , red blood cell , vero cell , biology , chikungunya , viral load , immunology , biochemistry , enzyme
BACKGROUND The potential for Zika virus (ZIKV) transfusion‐transmission (TT) has been demonstrated in French Polynesia and Brazil. Pathogen inactivation (PI) of blood products is a proactive strategy to inactivate TT pathogens including arboviruses. Inactivation of West Nile, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses was previously demonstrated by photochemical treatment with amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) illumination. In this study, we evaluated ZIKV inactivation in red blood cell (RBC) components by a chemical approach that uses amustaline (S‐303) and glutathione (GSH). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBC components were spiked with a high titer of ZIKV. Viral titers (infectivity) and ZIKV RNA loads (reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction) were measured in spiked RBCs before and after S‐303 and GSH treatment and confirmed using repetitive passages in cell culture. A mock‐treated arm validated the approach by demonstrating stability of the virus (infectivity and RNA load) during the process. RESULTS The mean ZIKV infectivity titer and RNA load in RBCs were 5.99 ± 0.2 log 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 )/mL and 7.75 ± 0.16 log genomic equivalents/mL before inactivation. No infectivity was detected immediately after S‐303 and GSH treatment and after five serial passages in cell culture. CONCLUSION Complete ZIKV inactivation of more than 5.99 log TCID 50 /mL in RBCs was achieved using S‐303 and GSH at levels higher than those found in asymptomatic ZIKV‐infected blood donors. Therefore, the S‐303 and GSH PI system is promising for mitigating the risk of ZIKV TT.