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Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: strongest risk factor for relapse from remission is having had a relapse
Author(s) -
Mai Falk Jennifer,
Scharrer Inge
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.13751
Subject(s) - adamts13 , thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , medicine , gastroenterology , hematology , titer , antibody , von willebrand factor , immunology , platelet
BACKGROUND Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, episodic clinical syndrome involving the production of thrombi in the microvasculature accompanied by thrombocytopenia and symptoms of organ ischemia. Idiopathic TTP develops when a patient produces antibodies that react with the protease ADAMTS13. The course after an episode is unpredictable; patients may relapse frequently or never. There is no laboratory value that can reliably predict potential relapse. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS To assess diagnostic and predictive values for risk of relapse, plasma samples from 27 patients with idiopathic TTP in remission were analyzed for anti‐ADAMTS13 immunoglobulin (Ig)G, ADAMTS13 activity, and ADAMTS13 inhibitor titer. Patients were recruited at the Department of Hematology at the University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. RESULTS Anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG was detected in 12 patients (44%); their median level of ADAMTS13 activity was nondetectable. Patients with anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG had a median number of three previous relapses, whereas the 15 patients without presence of IgG (56%) had a median number of one previous relapse (p < 0.001; Mann‐Whitney U test). The concentration of free anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG and the levels measuring inhibitory activity (Bethesda unit) were positively correlated. CONCLUSION A subgroup of TTP patients in remission with anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG and nondetectable ADAMTS13 activity showed an increased risk for relapsing disease as demonstrated by their number of past relapses. The positive correlation we observed between anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG and inhibitor levels supports the theory of ADAMTS13 inhibition as the crucial mechanism causing severe deficiency in ADAMTS13 activity in TTP.