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Risk factors for retrovirus and hepatitis virus infections in accepted blood donors
Author(s) -
Custer Brian,
Kessler Debra,
Vahidnia Farnaz,
Leparc German,
Krysztof David E.,
Shaz Beth,
Kamel Hany,
Glynn Simone,
Dodd Roger Y.,
Stramer Susan L.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.12951
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , hepatitis b virus , serology , hepatitis c virus , hepatitis b , hepatitis c , immunology , confidence interval , blood transfusion , risk factor , logistic regression , virology , virus , antibody
Background Risk factor surveillance among infected blood donors provides information on the effectiveness of eligibility assessment and is critical for reducing risk of transfusion‐transmitted infection. Study Design and Methods A merican R ed C ross, B lood Systems, Inc., N ew Y ork B lood C enter, and O ne B lood participated in a case‐control study from 2010 to 2013. Donors with serologic and nucleic acid testing ( NAT ) or NAT ‐only confirmed human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ), hepatitis B virus ( HBV ), hepatitis C virus ( HCV ), or serology‐confirmed human T ‐lymphotropic virus ( HTLV ) infections (cases) and donors with false‐positive results (controls) were interviewed for putative behavioral and demographic risks. Frequencies and adjusted odds ratios ( AORs ) from multivariable logistic regression analyses for each exposure in cases compared to controls are reported. Results In the study, 196 HIV , 292 HBV , 316 HCV , and 198 HTLV cases, and 1587 controls were interviewed. For HIV , sex with an HIV + person ( AOR , 132; 95% confidence interval [ CI ], 27‐650) and male‐male sex ( AOR , 62; 95% CI , 27‐140) were primary risk factors. For HBV , first‐time donor status ( AOR , 16; 95% CI , 10‐27), sex with an injection drug user ( IDU ; AOR , 11; 95% CI , 5‐28), and black race ( AOR , 11; 95% CI , 6‐19) were primary. For HCV , IDU ( AOR , 42; 95% CI , 13‐136), first time ( AOR , 18; 95% CI , 10‐30), and a family member with hepatitis ( AOR , 15; 95% CI , 6‐40) were primary. For HTLV , sex with an IDU ( AOR , 22; 95% CI , 10‐48), 55 years old or more ( AOR , 21; 95% CI , 8‐52], and first time ( AOR , 15; 95% CI , 9‐24) were primary. Conclusions Despite education efforts and risk screening, individuals with deferrable risks still donate; they may fail to understand or ignore or do not believe they have risk. Recipients have potential transfusion‐transmitted infection risk because of nondisclosure by donors.