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A new blood group antigen is defined by anti‐ CD 59, detected in a CD 59‐deficient patient
Author(s) -
Anliker Markus,
Zabern Inge,
Höchsmann Britta,
Kyrieleis Henriette,
DohnaSchwake Christian,
Flegel Willy A.,
Schrezenmeier Hubert,
Weinstock Christof
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.12531
Subject(s) - cd59 , monoclonal antibody , antigen , recombinant dna , red blood cell , microbiology and biotechnology , antibody , glycoprotein , paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria , biology , chemistry , immunology , complement system , biochemistry , gene
Background CD 59 is a cell surface glycoprotein of approximately 20 kDa limiting the lytic activity of the terminal complement complex C 5b‐9. Although CD 59 is known as a red blood cell ( RBC ) antigen defined by monoclonal antibodies, it so far has not been identified as a blood group antigen, since the description of a human alloantibody was missing. In this study we show the presence of an anti‐ CD 59 in a patient affected by a homozygous CD 59 deficiency. Study Design and Methods RBC CD 59 and CD 55 were determined by flow cytometry or by the column agglutination technique using monoclonal antisera. Commercially available His‐tagged recombinant soluble CD 59 protein was used to inhibit anti‐ CD 59. Results Seven cases of an isolated CD 59 deficiency due to three distinct null alleles of the CD 59 gene have been published so far. Recently we described the CD 59 ‐null allele c.146del A in a young child of heterozygous parents. Her plasma contained an alloantibody directed against the high‐prevalence RBC antigen CD 59. The antibody specificity was identified using soluble recombinant human CD 59 protein, which blocked the reactivity of the patient's antibody and of monoclonal anti‐ CD 59 but not of monoclonal anti‐ CD 55. In addition, RBC alloantibodies such as anti‐ K , anti‐ C , anti‐c, or anti‐ F y a remained unaffected. Therefore, inhibition by recombinant CD 59 is a useful diagnostic tool to detect alloantibodies in the presence of anti‐ CD 59. Conclusion This is the first demonstration of a human anti‐ CD 59 alloantibody, which defines CD 59 as an RBC blood group antigen. CD 59 represents a candidate for a new blood group system.