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Inactivation of P lasmodium spp. in plasma and platelet concentrates using riboflavin and ultraviolet light
Author(s) -
Keil Shawn D.,
Kiser Patti,
Sullivan James J.,
Kong Amy S.,
Reddy Heather L.,
Avery Anne,
Goodrich Raymond P.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.12079
Subject(s) - parasitemia , plasmodium yoelii , riboflavin , plasmodium falciparum , in vivo , in vitro , titer , andrology , chemistry , ultraviolet light , microbiology and biotechnology , malaria , immunology , biology , medicine , biochemistry , antibody , photochemistry
Background Photochemical treatment of blood products could help prevent transfusion‐transmitted malaria and reduce the need for donor deferrals. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of riboflavin and ultraviolet ( UV ) light against both P lasmodium falciparum , which causes the most severe form of human malaria, and P lasmodium yoelii , an in vivo murine model for malaria. Study Design and Methods Plasma and platelet (PLT) concentrates were inoculated with either P . falciparum– or P . yoelii– infected red blood cells ( RBC s). Aliquots from each unit were collected after inoculation, after addition of riboflavin, and after treatment. In vitro P . falciparum growth was assessed using thin blood films of duplicate samples at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. P . yoelii parasitemia was followed in mice for 14 days postinoculation. Results In the in vitro studies, the mean P . falciparum parasitemia increased 12‐ to 19‐fold in pretreatment samples, both before and after addition of riboflavin, after 96‐hour culture. Few parasites were observed in M irasol‐treated units at 24 hours; those that were observed were degenerating. Through the remainder of the 96‐hour culture period, cultures of treated samples were negative. In the in vivo study, mouse plasma containing P . yoelii– infected RBCs had a mean starting titer of 4.6 log mouse infectious dose 50%/ mL . No infectious parasite was detected in treated samples. Conclusion Treatment with riboflavin and UV light was effective at reducing viable P . falciparum in both PLT and plasma products by at least 3.2 logs. Additionally, an at least 4.4‐log reduction was observed with P . yoelii .