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Near infrared spectroscopy: clinical and research uses
Author(s) -
Hampton David A.,
Schreiber Martin A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
transfusion
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.045
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1537-2995
pISSN - 0041-1132
DOI - 10.1111/trf.12036
Subject(s) - pulse oximetry , medicine , resuscitation , organ dysfunction , oxygenation , ischemia , oxygen saturation , anesthesia , intensive care medicine , surgery , cardiology , oxygen , chemistry , organic chemistry , sepsis
Background Pulse oximetry is routinely used to measure hemoglobin saturation and is currently the gold standard to assess oxygenation in patients. Due to attenuation of infrared light by skin, bone, and other organs, pulse oximetry cannot assess end‐organ tissue oxygenation ( S t O 2 ). Near infrared spectroscopy ( NIS ) penetrates a broad range of tissues and utilizes reflection rather than direct transmission between an emitter and receiver pair. NIS is able to measure S t O 2 and assess end‐organ perfusion in a variety of applications. Study Design and Methods A retrospective review of recent animal and human S t O 2 studies was undertaken. S t O 2 measurements and outcomes were assessed. Results S t O 2 measurements identified visceral organ ischemia in animal hemorrhage models. These measurements were also able to guide optimization of resuscitation and end‐organ oxygenation. Human studies demonstrated S t O 2 changes preceded those seen in traditionally measured parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, base deficit, serum lactate, and mental status. Additionally, S t O 2 thresholds identified trauma patients who required massive transfusions, developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, or experienced lower extremity compartment syndrome. S t O 2 measurements also demonstrated a benefit in selecting resuscitation fluids, assessing end‐organ oxygenation during blood transfusion, and quantifying the oxygen‐carrying deficit secondary to the blood storage lesion. Conclusion S t O 2 measurements have been used to guide resuscitation efforts in trauma patients. This technology and its applications continue to evolve and represent a novel change in patient care.