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Moving to the Core: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Forkhead Box O ( FOXO ) and Nuclear Factor‐ κB ( NF‐κB ) Nuclear Translocation
Author(s) -
Zanella Fabian,
dos Santos Nuno R.,
Link Wolfgang
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
traffic
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.677
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1600-0854
pISSN - 1398-9219
DOI - 10.1111/tra.12034
Subject(s) - chromosomal translocation , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , nuclear transport , transcription factor , function (biology) , computational biology , nuclear localization sequence , high content screening , cell nucleus , cell , genetics , gene , cytoplasm
Nuclear translocation of proteins is an essential aspect of normal cell function, and defects in this process have been detected in many disease-associated conditions. The detection and quantification of nuclear translocation was significantly boosted by the association of robotized microscopy with automated image analysis, a technology designated as high-content screening. Image-based high-content screening and analysis provides the means to systematically observe cellular translocation events in time and space in response to chemical or genetic perturbation at large scale. This approach yields powerful insights into the regulation of complex signaling networks independently of preconceived notions of mechanistic relationships. In this review, we briefly overview the different mechanisms involved in nucleocytoplasmic protein trafficking. In addition, we discuss high-content approaches used to interrogate the mechanistic and spatiotemporal dynamics of cellular signaling events using Forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as important and clinically relevant examples.