Premium
Spatial distribution of proteins and metabolites in developing wheat grain and their differential regulatory response during the grain filling process
Author(s) -
Zhang Shuang,
Ghatak Arindam,
Bazargani Mitra Mohammadi,
Bajaj Prasad,
Varshney Rajeev K.,
Chaturvedi Palak,
Jiang Dong,
Weckwerth Wolfram
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.15410
Subject(s) - endosperm , biology , glutenin , starch synthase , proteomics , storage protein , biochemistry , sucrose synthase , starch , isobaric labeling , protein disulfide isomerase , quantitative proteomics , enzyme , protein subunit , amylopectin , invertase , gene , amylose
SUMMARY Grain filling and grain development are essential biological processes in the plant’s life cycle, eventually contributing to the final seed yield and quality in all cereal crops. Studies of how the different wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grain components contribute to the overall development of the seed are very scarce. We performed a proteomics and metabolomics analysis in four different developing components of the wheat grain (seed coat, embryo, endosperm, and cavity fluid) to characterize molecular processes during early and late grain development. In‐gel shotgun proteomics analysis at 12, 15, 20, and 26 days after anthesis (DAA) revealed 15 484 identified and quantified proteins, out of which 410 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the seed coat, 815 in the embryo, 372 in the endosperm, and 492 in the cavity fluid. The abundance of selected protein candidates revealed spatially and temporally resolved protein functions associated with development and grain filling. Multiple wheat protein isoforms involved in starch synthesis such as sucrose synthases, starch phosphorylase, granule‐bound and soluble starch synthase, pyruvate phosphate dikinase, 14‐3‐3 proteins as well as sugar precursors undergo a major tissue‐dependent change in abundance during wheat grain development suggesting an intimate interplay of starch biosynthesis control. Different isoforms of the protein disulfide isomerase family as well as glutamine levels, both involved in the glutenin macropolymer pattern, showed distinct spatial and temporal abundance, revealing their specific role as indicators of wheat gluten quality. Proteins binned into the functional category of cell growth/division and protein synthesis/degradation were more abundant in the early stages (12 and 15 DAA). At the metabolome level all tissues and especially the cavity fluid showed highly distinct metabolite profiles. The tissue‐specific data are integrated with biochemical networks to generate a comprehensive map of molecular processes during grain filling and developmental processes.