Premium
Single organelle function and organization as estimated from Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteomics
Author(s) -
Fuchs Philippe,
Rugen Nils,
Carrie Chris,
Elsässer Marlene,
Finkemeier Iris,
Giese Jonas,
Hildebrandt Tatjana M.,
Kühn Kristina,
Maurino Veronica G.,
Ruberti Cristina,
SchallenbergRüdinger Mareike,
Steinbeck Janina,
Braun HansPeter,
Eubel Holger,
Meyer Etienne H.,
MüllerSchüssele Stefanie J.,
Schwarzländer Markus
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.14534
Subject(s) - mitochondrion , organelle , biology , arabidopsis , proteomics , organelle biogenesis , proteome , pentatricopeptide repeat , microbiology and biotechnology , stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture , mitochondrial fusion , biogenesis , mitochondrial biogenesis , plastid , oxidative phosphorylation , quantitative proteomics , computational biology , mitochondrial fission , function (biology) , genome , gene , genetics , mitochondrial dna , biochemistry , chloroplast , mutant
Summary Mitochondria host vital cellular functions, including oxidative phosphorylation and co‐factor biosynthesis, which are reflected in their proteome. At the cellular level plant mitochondria are organized into hundreds of discrete functional entities, which undergo dynamic fission and fusion. It is the individual organelle that operates in the living cell, yet biochemical and physiological assessments have exclusively focused on the characteristics of large populations of mitochondria. Here, we explore the protein composition of an individual average plant mitochondrion to deduce principles of functional and structural organisation. We perform proteomics on purified mitochondria from cultured heterotrophic Arabidopsis cells with intensity‐based absolute quantification and scale the dataset to the single organelle based on criteria that are justified by experimental evidence and theoretical considerations. We estimate that a total of 1.4 million protein molecules make up a single Arabidopsis mitochondrion on average. Copy numbers of the individual proteins span five orders of magnitude, ranging from >40 000 for Voltage‐Dependent Anion Channel 1 to sub‐stoichiometric copy numbers, i.e. less than a single copy per single mitochondrion, for several pentatricopeptide repeat proteins that modify mitochondrial transcripts. For our analysis, we consider the physical and chemical constraints of the single organelle and discuss prominent features of mitochondrial architecture, protein biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism, antioxidant defence, genome maintenance, gene expression, and dynamics. While assessing the limitations of our considerations, we exemplify how our understanding of biochemical function and structural organization of plant mitochondria can be connected in order to obtain global and specific insights into how organelles work.