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Regulation of the turnover of ACC synthases by phytohormones and heterodimerization in Arabidopsis
Author(s) -
Lee Han Yong,
Chen YiChun,
Kieber Joseph J.,
Yoon Gyeong Mee
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.13585
Subject(s) - abscisic acid , jasmonic acid , arabidopsis , auxin , salicylic acid , biochemistry , crosstalk , ethylene , microbiology and biotechnology , brassinosteroid , chemistry , biology , mutant , gene , physics , optics , catalysis
Summary Ethylene influences many aspects of plant growth and development. The biosynthesis of ethylene is highly regulated by a variety of internal and external cues. A key target of this regulation is 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid ( ACC ) synthases ( ACS ), generally the rate‐limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis, which is regulated both transcriptionally and post‐transcriptionally. Prior studies have demonstrated that cytokinin and brassinosteroid ( BR ) act as regulatory inputs to elevate ethylene biosynthesis by increasing the stability of ACS proteins. Here, we demonstrate that several additional phytohormones also regulate ACS protein turnover. Abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, methyl jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid differentially regulate the stability of ACS proteins, with distinct effects on various isoforms. In addition, we demonstrate that heterodimerization influences the stability of ACS proteins. Heterodimerization between ACS isoforms from distinct subclades results in increased stability of the shorter‐lived partner. Together, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the roles of various phytohormones on ACS protein stability, which brings new insights into crosstalk between ethylene and other phytohormones, and a novel regulatory mechanism that controls ACS protein stability through a heterodimerization of ACS isoforms.