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Ta ADF 4 , an actin‐depolymerizing factor from wheat, is required for resistance to the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Author(s) -
Zhang Bing,
Hua Yuan,
Wang Juan,
Huo Yan,
Shimono Masaki,
Day Brad,
Ma Qing
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.13459
Subject(s) - biology , jasmonic acid , actin , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , biochemistry
Summary Actin filament assembly in plants is a dynamic process, requiring the activity of more than 75 actin‐binding proteins. Central to the regulation of filament assembly and stability is the activity of a conserved family of actin‐depolymerizing factors ( ADF s), whose primarily function is to regulate the severing and depolymerization of actin filaments. In recent years, the activity of ADF proteins has been linked to a variety of cellular processes, including those associated with response to stress. Herein, a wheat ADF gene, Ta ADF 4, was identified and characterized. Ta ADF 4 encodes a 139‐amino‐acid protein containing five F‐actin‐binding sites and two G‐actin‐binding sites, and interacts with wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) Actin1 (Ta ACT 1), in planta . Following treatment of wheat, separately, with jasmonic acid, abscisic acid or with the avirulent race, CYR 23, of the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , we observed a rapid induction in accumulation of Ta ADF 4 mRNA . Interestingly, accumulation of Ta ADF 4 mRNA was diminished in response to inoculation with a virulent race, CYR 31. Silencing of Ta ADF 4 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to CYR 23, demonstrating a role for Ta ADF 4 in defense signaling. Using a pharmacological‐based approach, coupled with an analysis of host response to pathogen infection, we observed that treatment of plants with the actin‐modifying agent latrunculin B enhanced resistance to CYR 23, including increased production of reactive oxygen species and enhancement of localized hypersensitive cell death. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that Ta ADF 4 positively modulates plant immunity in wheat via the modulation of actin cytoskeletal organization.