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Ethylene production in B otrytis cinerea‐ and oligogalacturonide‐induced immunity requires calcium‐dependent protein kinases
Author(s) -
Gravino Matteo,
Savatin Daniel Valentin,
Macone Alberto,
De Lorenzo Giulia
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.13057
Subject(s) - elicitor , kinase , biochemistry , arabidopsis thaliana , biology , arabidopsis , microbiology and biotechnology , calcium , botrytis cinerea , plant defense against herbivory , enzyme , plant immunity , chemistry , mutant , botany , gene , organic chemistry
Summary Plant immunity against pathogens is achieved through rapid activation of defense responses that occur upon sensing of microbe‐ or damage‐associated molecular patterns, respectively referred to as MAMP s and DAMP s. Oligogalacturonides ( OG s), linear fragments derived from homogalacturonan hydrolysis by pathogen‐secreted cell wall‐degrading enzymes, and flg22, a 22‐amino acid peptide derived from the bacterial flagellin, represent prototypical DAMP s and MAMP s, respectively. Both types of molecules induce protection against infections. In plants, like in animals, calcium is a second messenger that mediates responses to biotic stresses by activating calcium‐binding proteins. Here we show that simultaneous loss of calcium‐dependent protein kinases CPK 5, CPK 6 and CPK 11 affects Arabidopsis thaliana basal as well as elicitor‐ induced resistance to the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea , by affecting pathogen‐induced ethylene production and accumulation of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid ( ACC ) synthase 2 ( ACS 2) and 6 ( ACS 6). Moreover, ethylene signaling contributes to OG ‐triggered immunity activation, and lack of CPK 5, CPK 6 and CPK 11 affects the duration of OG ‐ and flg22‐induced gene expression, indicating that these kinases are shared elements of both DAMP and MAMP signaling pathways.