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The receptor kinase CERK 1 has dual functions in symbiosis and immunity signalling
Author(s) -
Zhang Xiaowei,
Dong Wentao,
Sun Jongho,
Feng Feng,
Deng Yiwen,
He Zuhua,
Oldroyd Giles E.D.,
Wang Ertao
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.12723
Subject(s) - nod factor , biology , symbiosis , rhizobia , nod , receptor , pattern recognition receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , innate immune system , gene , chitin , plant immunity , bacteria , botany , biochemistry , genetics , arabidopsis , mutant , chitosan
Summary The establishment of symbiotic interactions between mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobial bacteria and their legume hosts involves a common symbiosis signalling pathway. This signalling pathway is activated by Nod factors produced by rhizobia and these are recognised by the Nod factor receptors NFR 1/ LYK 3 and NFR 5/ NFP . Mycorrhizal fungi produce lipochitooligosaccharides ( LCO s) similar to Nod factors, as well as short‐chain chitin oligomers ( CO 4/5), implying commonalities in signalling during mycorrhizal and rhizobial associations. Here we show that NFR 1/ LYK 3 , but not NFR 5/ NFP , is required for the establishment of the mycorrhizal interaction in legumes. NFR 1/ LYK 3 is necessary for the recognition of mycorrhizal fungi and the activation of the symbiosis signalling pathway leading to induction of calcium oscillations and gene expression. Chitin oligosaccharides also act as microbe associated molecular patterns that promote plant immunity via similar LysM receptor‐like kinases. CERK 1 in rice has the highest homology to NFR 1 and we show that this gene is also necessary for the establishment of the mycorrhizal interaction as well as for resistance to the rice blast fungus. Our results demonstrate that NFR 1 / LYK 3/ Os CERK 1 represents a common receptor for chitooligosaccharide‐based signals produced by mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobial bacteria (in legumes) and fungal pathogens. It would appear that mycorrhizal recognition has been conserved in multiple receptors across plant species, but additional diversification in certain plant species has defined other signals that this class of receptors can perceive.