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Summary  Grasses, such as  Zea mays  L. (maize), contain relatively high levels of  p ‐  coumarates (  p CA ) within their cell walls. Incorporation of   p CA  into cell walls is believed to be due to a hydroxycinnamyl transferase that couples   p CA  to monolignols. To understand the role of   p CA  in maize development, the  p ‐  coumaroyl CoA:hydroxycinnamyl alcohol transferase (  p CAT ) was isolated and purified from maize stems. Purified   p CAT  was subjected to partial trypsin digestion, and peptides were sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry. TBLASTN analysis of the acquired peptide sequences identified a single full‐length maize  cDNA  clone encoding all the peptide sequences obtained from the purified enzyme. The  cDNA  clone was obtained and used to generate an RNAi construct for suppressing   p CAT  expression in maize. Here we describe the effects of suppression of   p CAT  in maize. Primary screening of transgenic maize seedling leaves using a new rapid analytical platform was used to identify plants with decreased amounts of   p CA . Using this screening method, mature leaves from fully developed plants were analyzed, confirming reduced   p CA  levels throughout plant development. Complete analysis of isolated cell walls from mature transgenic stems and leaves revealed that lignin levels did not change, but   p CA  levels decreased and the lignin composition was altered. Transgenic plants with the lowest levels of   p CA  had decreased levels of syringyl units in the lignin. Thus, altering the levels of   p CAT  expression in maize leads to altered lignin composition, but does not appear to alter the total amount of lignin present in the cell walls.

Identification and suppression of the p‐ coumaroyl CoA:hydroxycinnamyl alcohol transferase in Zea mays L.