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The iRoCS T oolbox – 3 D analysis of the plant root apical meristem at cellular resolution
Author(s) -
Schmidt Thorsten,
Pasternak Taras,
Liu Kun,
Blein Thomas,
AubryHivet Dorothée,
Dovzhenko Alexander,
Duerr Jasmin,
Teale William,
Ditengou Franck A.,
Burkhardt Hans,
Ronneberger Olaf,
Palme Klaus
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.12429
Subject(s) - meristem , context (archaeology) , toolbox , arabidopsis thaliana , nucleus , cell division , root (linguistics) , auxin , resolution (logic) , chemistry , botany , computer science , microbiology and biotechnology , computational biology , biological system , physics , biology , cell , artificial intelligence , biochemistry , paleontology , linguistics , philosophy , shoot , mutant , gene , programming language
Summary To achieve a detailed understanding of processes in biological systems, cellular features must be quantified in the three‐dimensional (3 D ) context of cells and organs. We described use of the intrinsic root coordinate system (i R o CS ) as a reference model for the root apical meristem of plants. i R o CS enables direct and quantitative comparison between the root tips of plant populations at single‐cell resolution. The i R o CS Toolbox automatically fits standardized coordinates to raw 3 D image data. It detects nuclei or segments cells, automatically fits the coordinate system, and groups the nuclei/cells into the root's tissue layers. The division status of each nucleus may also be determined. The only manual step required is to mark the quiescent centre. All intermediate outputs may be refined if necessary. The ability to learn the visual appearance of nuclei by example allows the i R o CS Toolbox to be easily adapted to various phenotypes. The i R o CS Toolbox is provided as an open‐source software package, licensed under the GNU G eneral P ublic L icense, to make it accessible to a broad community. To demonstrate the power of the technique, we measured subtle changes in cell division patterns caused by modified auxin flux within the A rabidopsis thaliana root apical meristem.