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Extraplastidial cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase activity is required for vegetative development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Author(s) -
Zhou Yonghong,
Peisker Helga,
Weth Agnes,
Baumgartner Werner,
Dörmann Peter,
Frentzen Margrit
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
the plant journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.058
H-Index - 269
eISSN - 1365-313X
pISSN - 0960-7412
DOI - 10.1111/tpj.12248
Subject(s) - arabidopsis thaliana , diacylglycerol kinase , arabidopsis , atp synthase , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , chemistry , biochemistry , enzyme , gene , signal transduction , mutant , protein kinase c
Summary Cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase ( CDS ) catalyzes the activation of phosphatidic acid to cytidinediphosphate ( CDP )‐diacylglycerol, a central intermediate in glycerolipid biosynthesis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cytidinediphosphate‐diacylglycerol is the precursor to phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol ( PG ) and cardiolipin of eukaryotic phospholipids that are essential for various cellular functions. Isoforms of CDS are located in plastids, mitochondria and the endomembrane system of plants and are encoded by five genes in Arabidopsis. Two genes have previously been shown to code for the plastidial isoforms which are indispensable for the biosynthesis of plastidial PG , and thus biogenesis and function of thylakoid membranes. Here we have focused on the extraplastidial CDS isoforms, encoded by CDS 1 and CDS 2 which are constitutively expressed contrary to CDS 3 . We provide evidence that these closely related CDS genes code for membrane proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum and possess very similar enzymatic properties. Development and analysis of Arabidopsis mutants lacking either one or both CDS 1 and CDS 2 genes clearly shows that these two genes have redundant functions. As reflected in the seedling lethal phenotype of the cds1cds2 double mutant, plant cells require at least one catalytically active microsomal CDS isoform for cell division and expansion. According to the altered glycerolipid composition of the double mutant in comparison with wild‐type seedlings, it is likely that the drastic decrease in the level of phosphatidylinositol and the increase in phosphatidic acid cause defects in cell division and expansion.