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Another Look at Looking Time: Surprise as Rational Statistical Inference
Author(s) -
Sim Zi L.,
Xu Fei
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
topics in cognitive science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.191
H-Index - 56
eISSN - 1756-8765
pISSN - 1756-8757
DOI - 10.1111/tops.12393
Subject(s) - surprise , inference , perspective (graphical) , psychology , cognitive psychology , statistical inference , cognitive science , cognition , perception , epistemology , computer science , social psychology , artificial intelligence , philosophy , mathematics , statistics , neuroscience
Decades of developmental research have capitalized on the fact that infants are surprised (i.e., look longer) at some events but not others. Differences in looking time have been considered to be a reflection of perceptual discrimination, or a reaction toward witnessing a violation of prior expectations. Here, we provide an overview of a new perspective on infant surprise that examines the underlying cognitive processes that drive this response. We suggest that looking time may reflect sophisticated statistical inference, and we review empirical evidence and computational modeling results from several recent studies to support this conjecture (Kidd, Piantadosi, & Aslin, [Kidd, C., 2012]; Piantadosi, Kidd, & Aslin, [Piantadosi, S. T., 2014]; Sim, Griffiths, & Xu, [Sim, Z., 2018]; Sim & Xu, [Sim, Z., 2017]; Téglás et al., [Téglás, E., 2011]). We also discuss how our view relates to other new developmental research on surprise and learning (Stahl & Feigenson, [Stahl, A. E., 2015], [Stahl, A. E., 2017]) and outline some suggestions for future research.