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Fifteen years of HIV and syphilis outcomes among a prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission program in Haiti: from monotherapy to Option B+
Author(s) -
Deschamps Marie Marcelle,
JannatKhah Deanna,
Rouzier Vanessa,
Bonhomme Jerry,
Pierrot Julma,
Lee Myung Hee,
Abrams Elaine,
Pape Jean,
McNairy Margaret L.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
tropical medicine and international health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.056
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1365-3156
pISSN - 1360-2276
DOI - 10.1111/tmi.13075
Subject(s) - medicine , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , pediatrics , syphilis , obstetrics , population , transmission (telecommunications) , family medicine , environmental health , electrical engineering , engineering
Summary Objective To evaluate mother and infant outcomes in the largest prevention of mother‐to‐child‐transmission ( PMTCT ) programme in Haiti in order to identify gaps towards elimination of HIV and syphilis. Methods Based on retrospective data from HIV + pregnant women and their infants enrolled in PMTCT care from 1999 to 2014, we assessed maternal enrolment in PMTCT , receipt of antiretrovirals before delivery, maternal retention through delivery as well as infant enrolment in PMTCT , HIV testing and HIV infection. Four PMTCT programme periods were compared: period 1 (1999–2004, mono ARV ), period 2 (2005–2009, dual ARV ), period 3 (2010–2012, Option B) and period 4 (Oct 2012–2014, Option B+). Kaplan–Meier methods were used to assess retention in PMTCT care. Results Among 4665 pregnancies, median age was 27 years and median CD 4+ was 494 cells/μl ( IQR 328–691). A total of 75% of women received antiretrovirals before delivery, and 73% were retained in care through delivery. Twenty‐two percent of women were lost before delivery, <1% died and 6% had stillbirths or abortions. Ninety‐four percent of infants who were born alive enrolled in PMTCT , of whom 92% had complete HIV testing. One hundred and sixty‐one infants were HIV +, giving a 5.4% HIV transmission rate (9.8%, 4.6%, 5.8% and 3.6% in periods 1–4). Retention among women through 12 months after PMTCT enrolment did not significantly differ across periods. However, among women who received antiretrovirals at the time of enrolment, retention 12 months later was lower in the Option B+ period (83%) than in periods 2 and 3 (94% and 93%) ( P < 0.001). Syphilis infection among women decreased from 16% in period 1 to 8% in period 4, whereas syphilis testing of infants increased from 17% to 91%. Conclusion Despite dramatic reductions in MTCT in Haiti, interventions are needed to improve retention to achieve MTCT elimination of HIV and syphilis.