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Occupational hazards of traditional healers: repeated unprotected blood exposures risk infectious disease transmission
Author(s) -
Audet Carolyn M.,
Salato José,
Blevins Meridith,
Silva Wilson,
GonzálezCalvo Lázaro,
Vermund Sten H.,
Gaspar Felisbela
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
tropical medicine and international health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.056
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1365-3156
pISSN - 1360-2276
DOI - 10.1111/tmi.12775
Subject(s) - medicine , traditional medicine , family medicine , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , environmental health , surgery
Objective Healers provide support for acute and chronic illnesses in rural Mozambique, such as socially acceptable traditional ‘vaccinations’ (subcutaneous cuts in the skin to rub herbs directly into the bloody lesion). We aimed to document the frequency of blood exposure by traditional practitioners in Mozambique. Methods We conducted surveys with a simple random sample of 236 traditional healers in Zambézia province. Chi‐square and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to compare ‘injection’ behaviours across districts. Results Healers treated a median of eight patients in the past month ( IQR : 4–15). About 75% conducted ‘injections’. These healers ‘injected’ a median of four patients ( IQR : 1–8), used a new razor a median of three times ( IQR : 1–8), and almost never used gloves. Lifetime blood exposures among those who provided ‘injections’ during treatments were estimated to be 1758 over a healer's career. Conclusion The majority of healers are exposed repeatedly to patient blood. Given the high prevalence of HIV , hepatitis B and C virus, and other blood‐borne agents, specific healer practices are an occupational hazard and reuse of razors is risky for their clients.