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Stunting is associated with poor outcomes in childhood pneumonia
Author(s) -
Moschovis Peter P.,
AddoYobo Emmanuel O. D.,
Banajeh Salem,
Chisaka Noel,
Christiani David C.,
Hayden Douglas,
Jeena Prakash,
MacLeod William B.,
Mino Greta,
Patel Archana,
Qazi Shamim,
Santosham Mathuram,
Thea Donald M.,
Hibberd Patricia L.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
tropical medicine and international health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.056
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1365-3156
pISSN - 1360-2276
DOI - 10.1111/tmi.12557
Subject(s) - medicine , pneumonia , pediatrics , adverse effect , amoxicillin , antibiotics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
Objective Stunting affects 26.7% of children worldwide, and little is known about its effects on the outcomes of childhood pneumonia. We evaluated the effect of stunting on the outcomes of pneumonia among children enrolled in two large clinical trials. Methods We analysed data from two WHO and USAID ‐sponsored inpatient treatment trials, the Severe Pneumonia Evaluation Antimicrobial Research study ( n = 958) and the Amoxicillin Penicillin Pneumonia International Study ( n = 1702), which enrolled children aged 2–59 months across 16 sites in LMIC s. We assessed the effect of stunting (height‐for‐age Z score < −2) on treatment outcome and time to resolution of hypoxaemic pneumonia. Results Among 2542 (96%) children with valid data for height, 28% were stunted and 12.8% failed treatment by 5 days. The failure rate among stunted patients was 16.0% vs . 11.5% among non‐stunted patients [unadjusted RR = 1.24 (95% CI 1.08, 1.41); adjusted RR = 1.28 (95% CI 1.10, 1.48)]. An inverse relationship was observed between height and failure rates, even among non‐stunted children. Among 845 patients with hypoxaemic pneumonia, stunting was associated with a lower probability of normalisation of respiratory rate [ HR = 0.63 (95% CI 0.52, 0.75)] and oxygen saturation [ HR = 0.74 (95% CI 0.61, 0.89)]. Conclusions Stunting increases the risk of treatment failure and is associated with a longer course of recovery in children with pneumonia. Strategies to decrease stunting may decrease the burden of adverse outcomes in childhood pneumonia in low‐resource settings.