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Hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors and antihypertensive medication utilisation among HIV ‐infected individuals in R akai, U ganda
Author(s) -
Sander Laura D.,
Newell Kevin,
Ssebbowa Paschal,
Serwadda David,
Quinn Thomas C.,
Gray Ronald H.,
Wawer Maria J.,
Mondo George,
Reynolds Steven
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
tropical medicine and international health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.056
H-Index - 114
eISSN - 1365-3156
pISSN - 1360-2276
DOI - 10.1111/tmi.12443
Subject(s) - medicine , blood pressure , body mass index , logistic regression , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , immunology
Objectives To assess the prevalence of hypertension, elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among HIV ‐positive individuals in rural Rakai District, Uganda. Methods We assessed 426 HIV ‐positive individuals in Rakai, Uganda from 2007 to 2010. Prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure assessed by clinical measurement was compared to clinician‐recorded hypertension in case report forms. Multiple logistic regression and z ‐tests were used to examine the association of hypertension and elevated blood pressure with age, sex, body mass index ( BMI ), CD 4 cell count and antiretroviral treatment ( ART ) use. For individuals on antihypertensives, medication utilisation was reviewed. Results The prevalence of hypertension (two elevated blood pressure readings at different time points) was 8.0% (95% CI : 5.4–10.6%), and that of elevated blood pressure (one elevated blood pressure reading) was 26.3% (95% CI : 22.1–30.5%). Age ≥50 years and higher BMI were positively associated with elevated blood pressure. ART use, time on ART and CD 4 cell count were not associated with hypertension. Eighty‐three percent of subjects diagnosed with hypertension were on antihypertensive medications, most commonly beta‐blockers and calcium channel blockers. Conclusions Hypertension is common among HIV ‐positive individuals in rural Uganda.