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HIV primary drug resistance and associated HIV risk factors among HIV positive blood donors in Brazil from 2007 to 2017
Author(s) -
Moreira Carlos Henrique Valente,
Salomon Tassila,
Alencar Cecília S.,
Gonçalez Thelma T.,
Sabino Ester C.,
Preiss Liliana,
Loureiro Paula,
Lopes Maria Esther,
Teixeira Carolina Miranda,
Mundim Mariana,
CarneiroProietti Anna Barbara,
de AlmeidaNeto Cesar,
Custer Brian
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
transfusion medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.471
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1365-3148
pISSN - 0958-7578
DOI - 10.1111/tme.12766
Subject(s) - medicine , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , drug resistance , population , reverse transcriptase , virology , immunology , demographics , biology , environmental health , demography , polymerase chain reaction , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , sociology
Background Acquisition of HIV primary drug resistant (PDR) infection can lead to poor virologic and clinical outcomes in individuals and hampers public health efforts in epidemic control. Monitoring PDR in HIV‐positive blood donors can be used to inform nationwide trends in the spread of drug‐resistant HIV strains. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study using genetic sequence analysis to assess HIV pol sequences, PDR, and risk factors for infection using audio computer‐assisted structured interviews in four large blood centers in Brazil from 2007 to 2017. Results Of 716 HIV‐positive blood donors, 504 (70.4%) were successfully sequenced. HIV clade B (73.2%) was the most prevalent subtype, followed by a mix of non‐B (21.2%) sub‐types. A twofold increase (from 4% to 8%) in recombinants prevalence was observed during the study period. Sixty‐four (12.7%) presented PDR. Overall, HIV PDR prevalence remained stable during the study period. Drug resistance mutations for non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 39 (7.7%) donors, while for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 26 (5.1%), and for protease inhibitors in 24 (4.8%) of HIV‐infected donors. We did not find statistically significant differences in demographics, behavioural risk factors, or HIV genotypes when comparing volunteers with and without PDR. Conclusion The HIV PDR rate among donors remained stable during the study period. HIV‐positive blood donors can be an informative population to monitor primary HIV resistance and ultimately may help to increase the knowledge and awareness of HIV risk factors and PDR.