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Swine enteric coronavirus disease: A review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the United States and Canada
Author(s) -
Niederwerder M. C.,
Hesse R. A.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
transboundary and emerging diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.392
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1865-1682
pISSN - 1865-1674
DOI - 10.1111/tbed.12823
Subject(s) - porcine epidemic diarrhea virus , virology , coronavirus , population , transmission (telecommunications) , biology , disease , biosecurity , pandemic , medicine , virus , environmental health , covid-19 , infectious disease (medical specialty) , ecology , pathology , electrical engineering , engineering
Summary Swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus ( PEDV ) and porcine deltacoronavirus ( PDC oV), have emerged and spread throughout the North American swine industry over the last four years. These diseases cause significant losses within the pork industry and within the first year after PEDV introduction, approximately 10% of the US herd died due to the disease. Similar to other enteric coronaviruses, such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus ( TGEV ), these emerging swine enteric coronavirus diseases ( SECD ) are age‐dependent, with high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs. Since the introduction of SECD , research has focused on investigating viral pathogenesis through experimental inoculation, increasing maternal antibody for neonatal protection, understanding transmission risks through feed and transportation, and outlining the importance of biosecurity in preventing SECD introduction and spread. A survey of swine professionals conducted for this review revealed that the majority of respondents (75%) believe SECD can be eradicated and that most herds have been successful at long‐term elimination of SECD after exposure (80%). However, unique properties of SECD , such as ineffective immunity through parenteral vaccination and a low oral infectious dose, play a major role in management of SECD . This review serves to describe the current knowledge of SECD and the characteristics of these viruses which provide both opportunities and challenges for long‐term disease control and potential eradication from the US swine population.