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Serotype Diversity of Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease Virus in Livestock without History of Vaccination in the Far North Region of Cameroon
Author(s) -
Ludi A.,
Ahmed Z.,
Pomeroy L. W.,
Pauszek S. J.,
Smoliga G. R.,
Moritz M.,
Dickmu S.,
Abdoulkadiri S.,
Arzt J.,
Garabed R.,
Rodriguez L. L.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
transboundary and emerging diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.392
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1865-1682
pISSN - 1865-1674
DOI - 10.1111/tbed.12227
Subject(s) - foot and mouth disease , serotype , vaccination , subclinical infection , livestock , serology , foot and mouth disease virus , epidemiology , virology , biology , disease , virus , veterinary medicine , medicine , antibody , immunology , ecology , pathology
Summary Little information is available about the natural cycle of foot‐and‐mouth disease ( FMD ) in the absence of control measures such as vaccination. Cameroon presents a unique opportunity for epidemiological studies because FMD vaccination is not practiced. We carried out a prospective study including serological, antigenic and genetic aspects of FMD virus ( FMDV ) infections among different livestock production systems in the Far North of Cameroon to gain insight into the natural ecology of the virus. We found serological evidence of FMDV infection in over 75% of the animals sampled with no significant differences of prevalence observed among the sampled groups (i.e. market, sedentary, transboundary trade and mobile). We also found antibodies reactive to five of the seven FMDV serotypes (A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3) among the animals sampled. Finally, we were able to genetically characterize viruses obtained from clinical and subclinical FMD infections in Cameroon. Serotype O viruses grouped into two topotypes (West and East Africa). SAT 2 viruses grouped with viruses from Central and Northern Africa, notably within the sublineage causing the large epidemic in Northern Africa in 2012, suggesting a common origin for these viruses. This research will guide future interventions for the control of FMD such as improved diagnostics, guidance for vaccine formulation and epidemiological understanding in support of the progressive control of FMD in Cameroon.