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Association of HLA gene polymorphism with susceptibility, severity, and mortality of COVID ‐19: A systematic review
Author(s) -
Deb Paroma,
Zannat Kanize,
Talukder Shiny,
Bhuiyan Amirul Huda,
Jilani Md. Shariful Alam,
SaifUrRahman K. M.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
hla
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.347
H-Index - 99
eISSN - 2059-2310
pISSN - 2059-2302
DOI - 10.1111/tan.14560
Subject(s) - allele , human leukocyte antigen , immunology , disease , covid-19 , biology , population , genetics , medicine , gene , infectious disease (medical specialty) , antigen , environmental health
HLA is crucial for appropriate immune responses in several viral infections, as well as in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS CoV‐2). The unpredictable nature of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID‐19), observed in both inter‐individual and inter‐population level, raises the question, to what extent the HLA, as part of host genetic factors, contribute to disease susceptibility and prognosis. We aimed to identify significant HLAs, those were investigated till now, for their association with COVID‐19. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science) and articles published between January 2020 and May 2021 were included for in‐depth analysis. Two separate teams including four observers independently extracted the summary data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021251670). Of 1278 studies identified, 36 articles were included consisting of 794,571 participants. Countries from the European region appeared in the highest number of studies and vice versa for countries from South East Asia. Among 117 significantly altered alleles, 85 (72.65%) were found to have a positive correlation with COVID‐19 and 33 (27.35%) alleles were observed having a negative correlation. HLA A*02 is the most investigated allele ( n = 18) and showed contradictory results. Non‐classical HLA E was explored by only one study and it showed that E*01:01 is associated with severity. Both in silico and wet lab data were considered and contrasting results were found from two approaches. Although several HLAs depicted significant association, nothing conclusive could be drawn because of heterogeneity in study designs, HLA typing methods, and so forth. This systematic review shows that, though HLAs play role in COVID‐19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality, more uniformly designed, interrelated studies with the inclusion of global data, for use in evidence‐based medicine are needed.