The phylogeny of lance lacewings ( N europtera: O smylidae)

The first phylogeny of the lacewing family O smylidae is presented here based on a total evidence analysis of DNA sequences for multiple gene loci and morphology for representatives of almost all extant genera. Our phylogeny shows a basal dichotomy in the family, with subfamilies P rotosmylinae, S pilosmylinae and G umillinae comprising one lineage, and the other lineage including O smylinae, P orisminae, E idoporisminae, K empyninae and S tenosmylinae. The status of P aryphosmylus K rüger and L ysmus N avás as members of P rotosmylinae is affirmed as well as the placement of G umillinae near P rotosmylinae and S pilosmylinae. Our results suggest that P orisminae, E idoporisminae and S tenosmylinae evolved from a common ancestor, and their relationships, including likely paraphyly of S tenosmylinae, requires further assessment. Divergence time analysis revealed that the family originated during the L ate P ermian before the break‐up of the supercontinent P angaea and that present generic distributions are not due to G ondwanan biogeographic events. All major subfamily‐level lineages were present by the end of the T riassic, in agreement with the rich M esozoic‐aged fossil record for the family.