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Character state‐based taxa erected to accommodate fossil and extant needle stoneflies (Leuctridae – Leuctrida tax.n. ) and close relatives
Author(s) -
BÉTHOUX OLIVIER,
KONDRATIEFF BORIS,
GRÍMSSON FRIÐGEIR,
ÓLAFSSON ERLING,
WAPPLER TORSTEN
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
systematic entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.552
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1365-3113
pISSN - 0307-6970
DOI - 10.1111/syen.12102
Subject(s) - taxon , sensu , extant taxon , biology , monophyly , character (mathematics) , genus , zoology , taxonomy (biology) , evolutionary biology , genealogy , paleontology , phylogenetics , clade , history , geometry , mathematics , gene , biochemistry
In order to accommodate a newly discovered fossil specimen related to a subset of extant needle stoneflies (Leuctridae sensu Zwick, 2000), we provide a comparative analysis of the wing venation of these insects, and of their close relatives, primarily based on extant material. A number of character states potentially supporting monophyletic taxa are identified, and are used to erect taxon names under the cladotypic nomenclatural procedure. We introduce a new standard definition in which the mention of the antonym of the defining character state is applied. The proposed taxa, and taxa inclusiveness, are as follows: Nemouromorpha > Capniida / Leuctrida /‘Nemouridae s.l.’, and Leuctrida > Exeleuctrida > Mioleuctrida & Eleuctrida > Collaleuctrida . This scheme allowed us to tentatively accommodate several fossil species described earlier and the new specimen, left undetermined at the genus and species levels, but assigned to Collaleuctrida . To optimize retrieval of hierarchical information, we introduce the use of ‘ nec ’ (Latin for ‘but not’) into the taxonomic address to indicate exclusion from a taxon. For example, Mioleuctrida nec Collaleuctrida † yehae indicates that † yehae can be assigned to Mioleuctrida but can also be conclusively excluded from Collaleuctrida . Based on the investigated case, it is finally argued that the cladotypic nomenclatural procedure is optimal regarding name use and numbers, and allows adequate treatment of homoplasy.