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The Cultural Sources of Deception in Soccer: How Collectivism Affects the Number of Penalties in European Soccer Leagues
Author(s) -
Lago Ignacio,
LagoPeñas Carlos
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
social science quarterly
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.482
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1540-6237
pISSN - 0038-4941
DOI - 10.1111/ssqu.12890
Subject(s) - collectivism , league , elite , individualism , hofstede's cultural dimensions theory , social psychology , demographic economics , deception , psychology , sociology , economics , political science , law , physics , astronomy , politics
Objectives This article relies on data from 20,730 matches in 30 national soccer leagues in Europe to explore the determinants of penalties taken in elite soccer. Methods We run OLS cross‐sectional regressions using aggregated data. Results We find that the variation in the number of penalties given across European soccer leagues is largely explained by the individualism versus collectivism dimension. Conclusions The more (less) collectivistic (individualistic) the culture of the country, the more likely soccer players are to fall intentionally in the penalty area to increase the chances of a foul being called.