Open AccessMicrorelief suppresses large wrinkling appearance: an in silico study
Author(s) -
Shiihara Y.,
Sato M.,
Hara Y.,
Iwai I.,
Yoshikawa N.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
skin research and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.521
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 1600-0846
pISSN - 0909-752X
DOI - 10.1111/srt.12175
Subject(s) - wrinkle , buckling , stratum corneum , human skin , finite element method , materials science , surface roughness , mechanism (biology) , biomedical engineering , structural engineering , composite material , medicine , engineering , pathology , biology , philosophy , epistemology , genetics
Background and purpose Extensive skin wrinkling during facial expressions is one of the considerable problems in aesthetic dermatology. Although a few in silico studies have been performed with the aim of revealing the mechanism of a wrinkled appearance, there have been few studies that take into account the influence of skin roughness (i.e. microrelief), which exists on human skin in vivo . In this study, finite element simulations were performed using multilayer skin models with microrelief to investigate how extensive wrinkling appears on human skin, especially focusing on the role of surface roughness in the wrinkling mechanism. Methods Linear and post‐buckling analyses were performed on soft elastic laminate models using the finite element method. A simplified multilayer model of human skin was employed to examine the contribution of skin's multilayer structure to the large‐wrinkle mechanism. Microrelief was included in the model to assess its effect on the mechanism. Results A large wrinkle was observed as dermal buckling following a number of buckling events on the stratum corneum. The existence of microrelief had an effect on the suppression of dermal buckling. Conclusion Skin's multilayer structure should play a major role in the appearance of large wrinkles on human skin via its post‐buckling behavior. This study suggested that fine microrelief on the skin surface hampers large wrinkles. These findings should be valuable for the development of cosmetic or medical treatments to prevent unfavorable skin deformations.