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Gender, work, and childcare in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia
Author(s) -
Dugarova Esuna
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
social policy and administration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.972
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1467-9515
pISSN - 0144-5596
DOI - 10.1111/spol.12479
Subject(s) - authoritarianism , agency (philosophy) , welfare , political science , civil society , politics , population , social policy , development economics , work (physics) , inequality , social protection , democracy , economic growth , political economy , sociology , economics , social science , mechanical engineering , mathematical analysis , demography , mathematics , law , engineering
The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.