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Implicit Attitudes Reflect Associative, Non‐associative, and Non‐attitudinal Processes
Author(s) -
Calanchini Jimmy,
Sherman Jeffrey W.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
social and personality psychology compass
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.699
H-Index - 53
ISSN - 1751-9004
DOI - 10.1111/spc3.12053
Subject(s) - associative property , malleability , implicit attitude , psychology , task (project management) , cognitive psychology , attitude , interpretation (philosophy) , implicit memory , object (grammar) , social psychology , computer science , cognition , artificial intelligence , encryption , mathematics , management , ciphertext , neuroscience , operating system , pure mathematics , economics , programming language
It is a common assumption that responses on implicit measures are proxies for automatically activated associations stored in memory. Consequently, explanations for implicit attitude malleability, variability, and prediction have assumed differences in underlying associations. However, a growing body of evidence challenges the assumption that implicit attitude change is driven only by associative processes. This paper reviews evidence from research with the Quadruple Process model on the influence of associative and non‐associative processes on implicit task performance. We also describe recent research on non‐attitudinal processes that do not pertain directly to the attitude object of interest but that, nevertheless, influence implicit task performance. Implications for the interpretation of implicit measures and implicit attitude change are discussed.