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Systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the effects electric bikes have on physiological parameters
Author(s) -
McVicar Jenna,
Keske Michelle A.,
DaryabeygiKhotbehsara Reza,
Betik Andrew C.,
Parker Lewan,
Maddison Ralph
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.14155
Subject(s) - cycling , energy expenditure , metabolic equivalent , meta analysis , heart rate , medicine , physical activity , crossover study , physical therapy , physical medicine and rehabilitation , blood pressure , placebo , alternative medicine , archaeology , pathology , history
Background There is a universal need to increase the number of adults meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations to help improve health. In recent years, electrically assisted bicycles (e‐bikes) have emerged as a promising method for supporting people to initiate and maintain physical activity levels. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no meta‐analyses conducted to quantify the difference in physiological responses between e‐cycling with electrical assistance, e‐cycling without assistance, conventional cycling, and walking. Methods A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We identified short‐term e‐bike studies, which utilized a crossover design comparing physiological outcomes when e‐cycling with electrical assistance, e‐cycling without electrical assistance, conventional cycling, or walking. Energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), power output (PO), and metabolic equivalents (METs) outcomes were included within the meta‐analysis. Results Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria ( N = 239). E‐cycling with electrical assistance resulted in a lower energy expenditure (EE) [SMD = −0.46 (−0.98, 0.06), p = 0.08], heart rate (HR) [MD = −11.41 (−17.15, −5.68), p < 0.000, beats per minute], oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) [SMD = −0.57 (−0.96, −0.17), p = 0.005], power output (PO) [MD = −31.19 (−47.19 to −15.18), p = 0.000, Watts], and metabolic equivalent (MET) response [MD = −0.83 (−1.52, −0.14), p = 0.02, METs], compared with conventional cycling. E‐cycling with moderate electrical assistance resulted in a greater HR response [MD 10.38 (−1.48, 22.23) p = 0.09, beats per minute], and VO 2 response [SMD 0.34 (−0.14, 0.82) p = 0.16] compared with walking. Conclusions E‐cycling was associated with increased physiological responses that can confer health benefits.