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Cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and the acute blood pressure response to exercise in adolescence
Author(s) -
Huang Zhengzheng,
Park Chloe,
Chaturvedi Nish,
Howe Laura D.,
Sharman James E.,
Hughes Alun D.,
Schultz Martin G.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.13976
Subject(s) - cardiorespiratory fitness , medicine , blood pressure , physical fitness , vo2 max , body mass index , cardiovascular fitness , physical therapy , heart rate , cardiology
Objective Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (BP) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence. Cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity (fatness) are independent contributors to cardiovascular risk, but their interrelated associations with exercise BP are unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationships between fitness, fatness, and the acute BP response to exercise in a large birth cohort of adolescents. Methods 2292 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (aged 17.8 ± 0.4 years, 38.5% male) completed a sub‐maximal exercise step test that allowed fitness (VO 2 max ) to be determined from workload and heart rate using a validated equation. Exercise BP was measured immediately on test cessation and fatness calculated as the ratio of total fat mass to total body mass measured by DXA. Results Post‐exercise systolic BP decreased stepwise with tertile of fitness (146 (18); 142 (17); 141 (16) mmHg) but increased with tertile of fatness (138 (15); 142 (16); 149 (18) mmHg). In separate models, fitness and fatness were associated with post‐exercise systolic BP adjusted for sex, age, height, smoking, and socioeconomic status (standardized β: −1.80, 95%CI: −2.64, −0.95 mmHg/SD and 4.31, 95%CI: 3.49, 5.13 mmHg/SD). However, when fitness and fatness were included in the same model, only fatness remained associated with exercise BP (4.65, 95%CI: 3.69, 5.61 mmHg/SD). Conclusion Both fitness and fatness are associated with the acute BP response to exercise in adolescence. The fitness‐exercise BP association was not independent of fatness, implying the cardiovascular protective effects of cardiorespiratory fitness may only be realized with more favorable body composition.