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Effects of antihypertensive medication and high‐intensity interval training in hypertensive metabolic syndrome individuals
Author(s) -
RamirezJimenez Miguel,
MoralesPalomo Felix,
MorenoCabañas Alfonso,
AlvarezJimenez Laura,
Ortega Juan F.,
MoraRodriguez Ricardo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.13949
Subject(s) - medicine , aldosterone , blood pressure , metabolic syndrome , high intensity interval training , plasma renin activity , ambulatory blood pressure , placebo , interval training , ambulatory , renal function , endocrinology , cardiology , renin–angiotensin system , obesity , alternative medicine , pathology
Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological therapies are simultaneously prescribed when treating hypertensive individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk (ie, metabolic syndrome individuals). However, it is unknown if the interactions between antihypertensive medication (AHM) and lifestyle interventions (ie, exercise training) may result in a better ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) control. To test this hypothesis, 36 hypertensive individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) under long‐term prescription with AHM targeting the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) were recruited. Before and after 4 months of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT), participants completed two trials in a double‐blind, randomized order: (a) placebo trial consisting of AHM withdrawal for 3 days and (b) AHM trial where individuals held their habitual dose of AHM. In each trial, 24‐h mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored and considered the primary study outcome. Secondary outcomes included plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration to confirm withdrawal effects on RAAS, along with the analysis of urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) to assess kidney function. The results showed main effects from AHM and HIIT reducing 24‐h MAP (−5.7 mmHg, p < 0.001 and −2.3 mmHg, p = 0.007, respectively). However, there was not interaction between AHM and HIIT on 24‐h MAP ( p = 0.240). There was a main effect of AHM increasing PRA ( p < 0.001) but no effect on plasma aldosterone concentration ( p = 0.368). HIIT did not significantly improve RAAS hormones or the UACR. In conclusion, AHM and HIIT have independent and additive effects in lowering ABP. These findings support the combination of habitual AHM with exercise training with the goal to reduce ABP in hypertensive MetS individuals.