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Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate in acute exercise and training
Author(s) -
Hodun Katarzyna,
Chabowski Adrian,
Baranowski Marcin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.13907
Subject(s) - sphingosine , sphingosine 1 phosphate , sphingolipid , skeletal muscle , microbiology and biotechnology , intracellular , second messenger system , lipid signaling , sphingosine kinase , receptor , ceramide , biology , sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor , biochemistry , endocrinology , medicine , chemistry , apoptosis
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid found in all eukaryotic cells. Although it may function as an intracellular second messenger, most of its effects are induced extracellularly via activation of a family of five specific membrane receptors. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate is enriched in plasma, where it is transported by high‐density lipoprotein and albumin, as well as in erythrocytes and platelets which store and release large amounts of this sphingolipid. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate regulates a host of cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis suppression. It was also shown to play an important role in skeletal muscle physiology and pathophysiology. In recent years, S1P metabolism in both muscle and blood was found to be modulated by exercise. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effect of acute exercise and training on S1P metabolism, highlighting the role of this sphingolipid in skeletal muscle adaptation to physical effort.