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Effects of plyometric training on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Author(s) -
Oxfeldt Mikkel,
Overgaard Kristian,
Hvid Lars G.,
Dalgas Ulrik
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.13487
Subject(s) - jumping , sprint , plyometrics , medicine , physical therapy , athletes , physical medicine and rehabilitation , stretch shortening cycle , lower body , jump , physiology , physics , quantum mechanics
Objective To determine the effect of lower body plyometric training (PLY) on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults. Methods A systematic literature search (PubMed, Embase) was performed. Studies were included if they (a) described a lower body PLY intervention lasting ≥4 weeks; (b) included measures of jumping, sprint, and/or lower body muscle strength; (c) included healthy individuals ≥18 years; (d) included a training or non‐training control group; and (e) were written in English. Meta‐analyses identifying the effects of PLY on jumping, sprint, and lower body muscle strength were conducted providing the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results A total of 826 records were identified of which 25 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, yielding 19, 11, and seven data points for the meta‐analyses of jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength, respectively. The data showed improvements for all three performance variables after 4‐12 weeks of PLY. The SMD (CI95%) across studies for jump height, sprint time, and muscle strength were 0.45 (0.16: 0.75), −0.59 (−1.01: −0.17), and 0.33 (0.03: 0.63), respectively, where the latter two showed within‐sample heterogeneity. Conclusion The systematic review and meta‐analyses showed that PLY elicits a small‐to‐moderate positive effect on jumping, sprint performance, and lower body muscle strength in healthy adults being recreationally active or athletes.