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Skeletal maturation, fundamental motor skills, and motor performance in preschool children
Author(s) -
Freitas D. L.,
Lausen B.,
Maia J. A.,
Gouveia É. R.,
Antunes A. M.,
Thomis M.,
Lefevre J.,
Malina R. M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.13233
Subject(s) - gross motor skill , bone age , analysis of variance , motor skill , balance (ability) , medicine , psychology , demography , physical therapy , developmental psychology , sociology
Relationships among skeletal age ( SA ), body size and fundamental motor skills ( FMS ) and motor performance were considered in 155 boys and 159 girls 3‐6 years of age. Stature and body mass were measured. SA of the hand‐wrist was assessed with the Tanner‐Whitehouse II 20 bone method. The Test of Gross Motor Development, 2nd edition ( TGMD ‐2), and the Preschool Test Battery were used, respectively, to assess FMS and motor performance. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, the standardized residuals of SA on chronological age ( SA sr) explained a maximum of 6.1% of the variance in FMS and motor performance in boys (Δ R 2 3 , range 0.0%‐6.1%) and a maximum of 20.4% of the variance in girls (Δ R 2 3 , range 0.0%‐20.4%) over that explained by body size and interactions of SA sr with body size (step 3). The interactions of the SA sr and stature and body mass (step 2) explained a maximum of 28.3% of the variance in boys (Δ R 2 2 , range 0.5%‐28.3%) and 16.7% of the variance in girls (Δ R 2 2 , range 0.7%‐16.7%) over that explained by body size alone. With the exception of balance, relationships among SA sr and FMS or motor performance differed between boys and girls. Overall, SA per se or interacting with body size had a relatively small influence in FMS and motor performance in children 3‐6 years of age.