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Responsiveness of muscle size and strength to physical training in very elderly people: A systematic review
Author(s) -
Stewart V. H.,
Saunders D. H.,
Greig C. A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.575
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1600-0838
pISSN - 0905-7188
DOI - 10.1111/sms.12123
Subject(s) - medicine , cinahl , isometric exercise , physical therapy , muscle hypertrophy , confidence interval , strength training , meta analysis , sample size determination , resistance training , muscle strength , sarcopenia , strictly standardized mean difference , physical medicine and rehabilitation , psychological intervention , statistics , mathematics , psychiatry
The purpose of this review was to determine whether very elderly muscle (>75 years) hypertrophies in response to physical training. The databases MEDLINE ; EMBASE ; CINAHL P lus and SPORTD iscus were systematically literature searched with reference lists of all included studies and relevant reviews. Controlled trials (inactive elderly control group) involving healthy elderly participants over 75 years participating in an intervention complying with an established definition of physical training were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using the PEDro scale. Data analysis was performed on muscle size and strength using R ev M an (software version 5.1). Four studies were included of which four of four measured changes in gross muscle size. Training induced increases in muscle size from 1.5%–15.6% were reported in three of four studies, and one of four studies reported a decrease in muscle size (3%). The greatest gain in muscle mass was observed in a study of whole body vibration training. Meta‐analysis of three studies found an increase of thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (mean difference 2.31 cm 2 or 0.2%, 95% confidence interval ( CI ): 0.62 to 4.00; P = 0.008) and muscle strength (standardized mean difference 1.04, 95% CI : 0.65 to 1.43; P < 0.001). Physical training when delivered as resistance training has the ability to elicit hypertrophy and increase muscle strength in very elderly muscle.