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Positive and Negative Expectations of Hopelessness as Longitudinal Predictors of Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Behavior in High‐Risk Adolescents
Author(s) -
Horwitz Adam G.,
Berona Johnny,
Czyz Ewa K.,
Yeguez Carlos E.,
King Cheryl A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
suicide and life‐threatening behavior
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.544
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1943-278X
pISSN - 0363-0234
DOI - 10.1111/sltb.12273
Subject(s) - beck hopelessness scale , optimism , suicidal ideation , psychology , clinical psychology , anticipation (artificial intelligence) , depression (economics) , psychological intervention , suicide prevention , psychiatry , poison control , beck depression inventory , medicine , psychotherapist , medical emergency , anxiety , artificial intelligence , computer science , economics , macroeconomics
The relationship between hopelessness and depression in predicting suicide‐related outcomes varies based on the anticipation of positive versus negative events. In this prospective study of adolescents at elevated risk for suicide, we used two Beck Hopelessness Scale subscales to assess the impact of positive and negative expectations in predicting depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior over a 2‐ to 4‐year period. In multivariate regressions controlling for depression, suicidal ideation, and negative‐expectation hopelessness, positive‐expectation hopelessness was the only significant predictor of depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Clinical interventions may benefit from bolstering positive expectations and building optimism.